Building Information Modeling, BIM is now widely used in the largest construction markets with many documented projects. ΒΙΜ Implementation relates to extensive use of technology and is often seen as one such solution; but there are more dimensions to BIM.
According to the Handbook of the EU BIM Task Group, the components of the BIM process relate to four main sectors: process, people, technology and policy. The process sector relates to standards, methods and procedures, integrated project delivery and information management through international and national standards (such as BIM Level 2 standards and the ISO 19650 series). The people sector relates to leadership, collaboration, owner's involvement and the development of appropriate skills. The technology sector refers to BIM modeling, simulation and interoperability between various software solutions. Finally, the policy area is all about the integration and development of local directives and standards, conventions and the legal aspect of the BIM process.
The implementation of BIM, as we know it today, started in 2011 in the United Kingdom, following the development of a series of national standards and specifications. In 2013, PAS 1192-2: 2013 and a number of additional standards were published; to support the implementation of BIM Level 2 in UK. Then, in 2016, BIM Level 2 became mandatory in the UK as a requirement for all public works. BIM Level 2 documentation has significantly highlighted the role of the owner in the construction process. At the same time, international property owners recognized the benefits of BIM Level 2 and began to demand the adoption of the procedures set out in English BIM Level 2 for their projects. Following, the BIM Level 2 standards were incorporated into the international standard ISO 19650 -1 & 2 to create a common BIM language in the international arena. (2018).
Recent surveys in the UK report that 65% of private sector owners and 70% of public sector owners require the use of BIM in new projects. From the onwers perspective, BIM process provides tools that relate to construction control and better access to project information. In addition, contractors have two major advantages: the spatial coordination that reduces errors and repetition and the digital construction model that increases overall speed and quality. As a result, owners have more power to control the time and budget of their project.
According to international surveys, mismanagement of project data and ineffective teams cost about $ 15.8 million annually, 2/3 of which is paid for by the owners. In addition, more than 60% of the capital invested in construction does not meet the planned repayment dates, while 30% of the construction relates to resuming work.
In BIM process, the owner has significant advantages that can be used to understand, communicate, and monitor project progress.
In the early stages of the project, owners have the ability to compare scenarios, to define project requirements and make more accurate cost and time estimations. They have access to more information and this leads to better understanding of the design intent and the increased ability to evaluate strategies.
At the construction stage, owners benefit from automation, reduced errors due to updated plans at all stages of the project, and better collaboration with the project teams, through the digital models. BIM technology ensures office - construction site communication in a two-way relationship, where changes can be monitored. (35% of all construction projects are undergoing a major change in construction).
During operation, owners have access to the updated as - built project record (which includes digital models and documents). They are capable to make predictions about the operation of systems and estimate the operating cost. In addition, they have access to the updated project database, that it can be used to evaluate and plan any future project changes.
In the traditional CAD process, the owner was at the center of the communication of the parties involved, resulting in lack of information and control. His involvement was partial and the main focus was the resolution of the differences and how to ensure the delivery of the project within the cost and time schedule.
BIM changes the role of the owner through standardization processes and the development of control tools. The focus shifts from the owner - to the project objectives and as a result the owner participates in the overall process. In BIM, owners are informed about the progress of the project at all stages, they are in the position to request and receive information and make decisions about the project. BIM standards help the onwer to evaluate project teams and keep track of the processes (delivery dates, estimated costs, monitoring changes, etc.).
Author: Panagiotidou Nicoleta
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